Đối tượng bộ nhớ truy cập cam kết Màn hình Bytes mô tả bao nhiêu bộ nhớ (theo byte) đã được phân bổ theo các quy trình. Khi con số này tăng trên RAM có sẵn, do đó, hiện các kích thước của bộ nhớ đệm khi phân trang đã tăng lên. Hiển thị số lượng các trang được đọc từ hay ghi vào đĩa. | 240 7 Optimizing the Hyper-V Host Server and Guest Sessions outlines the counters necessary to monitor memory and pagefile usage along with a description of each. TABLE Important Counters and Descriptions Related to Memory Behavior Object Counter Description Memory Committed Bytes Monitors how much memory in bytes has been allocated by the processes. As this number increases above available RAM so does the size of the pagefile as paging has increased. Memory Pages sec Displays the amount of pages that are read from or written to the disk. Memory Pages Output sec Displays virtual memory pages written to the pagefile per second. Monitor this counter to identify paging as a bottleneck. Memory Page Faults sec Reports both soft and hard faults. Process Working Set _Total Displays the amount of virtual memory that is actually in use. Paging file pagefile in use Reports the percentage of the paging file that is actually in use. This counter is used to determine whether the Windows pagefile is a potential bottleneck. If this counter remains above 50 or 75 consistently consider increasing the pagefile size or moving the pagefile to a different disk. By default the Memory section of the Resource Overview in the Reliability and Performance Monitor shown in Figure provides a good high-level view of current memory activity. For more advanced monitoring of memory and pagefile activity use the Performance Monitor component of the Reliability and Performance Monitor. Systems experience page faults when a process requires code or data that it can t find in its working set. A working set is the amount of memory that is committed to a particular process. When this happens the process has to retrieve the code or data in another part of physical memory referred to as a soft fault or in the worst case has to retrieve it from the disk subsystem a hard fault . Systems today can handle a large number of soft faults without significant performance hits. However because hard faults
