Kết cấu Thiết kế một hệ thống cố kết làm cho biểu tượng dễ dàng hơn để giải thích và hiểu được. Kết cấu có thể tham khảo cả hai phong cách và hình thức. Ví dụ, các biểu tượng trong các ứng dụng có phong cách tương tự Fanball, cộng với họ có cùng một chủ đề: quả bóng (hình 10,36) | Generality Icons should represent a broader class of similar concepts rather than a particular instance. For example there are three common video icons on iPhone apps a TV monitor a video camera and a reel of film FIGURES respectively . They all work but the video camera the old over-the-shoulder style may become less general over time. Given the popularity of the iPhone the Flip and other small cameras the prototypical image may evolve. FIGURE Discovery News FIGURE Consumer Reports FIGURE Showtime Cohesiveness Designing a cohesive system makes icons easier to interpret and understand. Cohesiveness can refer to both style and form. For example the icons in the Fanball app are stylistically similar plus they have the same theme balls FIGURE . If the MLB Major League Baseball tab had a baseball diamond or a bat the set would have an inconsistent theme. Ideally your app icons will be cohesive in both respects. On a related note abbreviations for labels . NFL are fine as long as the target users understand them. FIGURE Fanball tab bar icons. The N stands for National the sports represented are football baseball hockey and basketball. Communicability Communicability refers to an icon s representation within the specified context the physical cultural and social environments. For example mailboxes often have different cultural references depending on the country. And even within one country the references can run the gamut FIGURE . In such a case it would be wise to draw from the most common mailbox form or explore a different icon approach altogether. Alternatively as we ll discuss in Chapter 12 Accessibility and Localization icons can be localized for each region. 238 CHAPTER 10 VISUAL DESIGN Download from FIGURE Mailboxes in the UK Courtesy of Frans van Rijnswou photographer TAB BAR ICONS Tab bar icons are used in the tab bar within Productivity-style apps. This section reviews standard and .
