Porous Electrodes

Introduction: Most electrochemical reactions take place at the interface of two or more phases. Hence the area of reaction plays a vital role in determining the efficiency of an electrochemical process, just like in any surface reaction. There are several ways to increase the available area for reaction in an electrochemical cell: multiple electrodes are stacked alternatively, bipolar electrodes are used, and, sometimes, the reaction surface is modified by etching or coating with large surface area particles. . | Porous Electrodes S Santhanagopalan Celgard LLC Charlotte NC USA RE White University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA 2009 Elsevier . All rights reserved. Introduction Most electrochemical reactions take place at the interface of two or more phases. Hence the area of reaction plays a vital role in determining the efficiency of an electrochemical process just like in any surface reaction. There are several ways to increase the available area for reaction in an electrochemical cell multiple electrodes are stacked alternatively bipolar electrodes are used and sometimes the reaction surface is modified by etching or coating with large surface area particles. A further efficient way to increase the contact area between the electrode and the electrolyte is to use a porous electrode in this case the entire thickness of the electrode now becomes available for reaction. The reaction plane is distributed and as a result the limitations in terms of diffusion and ohmic drop are considerably reduced compared to a planar electrode. For reactions requiring a high activation energy the use of porous electrodes provides the economy of volume because the reaction takes place throughout the accessible pore surface area. The same holds good for limitations owing to poor transport within planar electrodes. If a reaction involves transport of the participating species deep within the electrodes . as in the case of intercalation electrodes the use of porous electrodes minimizes this disadvantage and provides access to the electrolyte for a much higher fraction of the electrode. Other advantages include uniform distribution of the reaction front and better control of the overpotential. For these reasons porous electrodes grew as increasingly popular candidates for use in power sources. The first patent for a flow-through porous electrode was filed as early as 1893 by Paul Leon Hulin. Since then porous electrodes have been the popular choice for a variety of applications. The design

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