Introduction: The electrolyte solution is a major component of all battery systems and as such will greatly influence energy densities (thermodynamic properties such as Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and ionic activity) and power densities (nonthermodynamic properties such as viscosity, conductivity, and transference). The electrolyte solution consists of a liquid or solid phase containing at least one component, ., water, which is called the solvent, and an ionizable substance, ., a salt or an acid, which is called the electrolyte. .
