A compound consisting of an alkyl group and the functional group -OH is an alcohol. The identity of an individual alcohol depends on the identity of R, the alkyl group. For example, when R is the methyl group, we have CH30H. This is methyl alcohol or methanol, also known as wood alcohol. It is highly toxic and can cause blindness or even death in relatively small doses. When R is the ethyl group, we have CH3CH20H. This is ethyl alcohol or ethanol. Ethanol is the alcohol in alcoholic beverages. When R is the isopropyl group, we have (CH3)2CHOH. This is isopropyl alcohol. Isopropyl alcohol, what we. | 370 CHAPTER 10 Organic Chemistry Acetone Methylamine Toluene The functional groups in the types of compounds shown in Table are the hydroxy group in alcohols the carboxy group in carboxylic acids the COOR group in esters the carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones the amino group in amines and the amide group in amides . Functional groups determine many of the properties of a compound including what types of reactions it is likely to undergo. Figure shows ball-and-stick models and electrostatic potential maps of the hydroxy carboxy carbonyl amino and amide functional groups. A compound consisting of an alkyl group and the functional group OH is an alcohol. The identity of an individual alcohol depends on the identity of R the alkyl group. For example when R is the methyl group we have UH3OH. This is methyl alcohol or methanol also known as wood alcohol. It is highly toxic and can cause blindness or even death in relatively small doses. When R is the ethyl group we have CH3CH2OH. This is ethyl alcohol or ethanol. Ethanol is the alcohol in alcoholic beverages. When R is the isopropyl group we have CH3 2CHOH. This is isopropyl alcohol. Isopropyl alcohol what we commonly call rubbing alcohol is widely used as a disinfectant. Ethanol Isopropyl alcohol Methanol Many compounds contain more than one functional group. An amino acid for example contains both the amine group and the carboxy group. H NH2 Alanine Hydroxy group Carboxy group Carbonyl group Amino group Amide group Figure Models and electrostatic potential maps of the hydroxy carboxy carbonyl amino and amide functional groups. SECTION Classes of Organic Compounds 371 Sample Problem lets you practice identifying functional groups in molecules. Many familiar substances are organic compounds. Some examples include aspartame the artificial sweetener in the sugar substitute Equal and in many diet sodas sal icy lie acid found in some acne medicines and wart-removal treatments and amphetamine a .
