Tài liệu giới thiệu về ngữ pháp tiếng anh. | INTRODUCTION TO GRAMMAR Nguyễn Hồng Diệu HULIS - VNU Course outline Subject: Grammar Number of credits: 3 Duration: 15 weeks Course books Quirk & Greenbaum (1973) A university grammar of English Close (1974) A university grammar of English - Workbook Course outline Objective to develop an understanding of the fundamentals of English grammar Prerequisite good command of English Main areas Morphology Syntax Course outline Course content Word formation Sentence elements Parts of speech Phrases Clauses Sentences Course outline Class activities Lectures Discussion of readings Presentations In-class tutorials Self study Review of the theory Practice exercises (Workbook) Tutorial exercises Course outline Assessment Mini tests + Participation: 10% Mid-term test: 30% Final test: 60% Ground rules No coming late No phone ringing in class No text message & late call to teacher All deadlines must be met Pay due respect to the speaker Grammar and Linguistics LINGUISTICS Grammar Phonology Semantics Discourse Analysis Grammar and Linguistics Phonology Subject: Phonemes (the smallest linguistic units) Subclasses: Segmental Vowels Consonants Supra segmental Stress rhythm Intonation Grammar and Linguistics Grammar Subject: Morphemes (the smallest meaningful linguistic units) Types of morphemes: Words (parts of speech) Phrases (NP, VP, etc.) Clauses (independent & dependent) Sentences (simple, compound and complex) Grammar and Linguistics Semantics Concerned with: The meanings of words Utterances (phrases, clauses and sentences) Discourse analysis Concerned with: Larger units than sentences Means of linking sentences (cohesion & coherence) The relational factors: context Grammar as a set of rules Grammar must be explicitly taught Grammar is absolute and fixed Grammar is inherently difficult and confusing, only apparent to language teachers or linguists Look at the sentences below and decide whether it is G (grammatical), N (ungrammatical) or ? (not sure) She had less problems with the move to a new school than she thought she would. She lays in bed all day whenever she gets a migraine headache. My sister Alice, who is older than me, still lives at home. Everyone needs to buy their books before the first day of class. Language and change How people express themselves vs. How language experts say they should There is no uniform agreement among experts as to what is “correct” or acceptable The nature of language: a living, fluid entity that changes in response to changes in society (Sentence 4) Language is rule-governed Grammar guides speakers in how to string together symbols, sounds, and words to make coherent, meaningful sentences Grammar knowledge is intuitive and reflects the innate ability of speakers One can use and adapt new/unique elements according to the patterns of the language Example: Beware the Jabberwock, my son! The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun The frumious Bandersnatch! (Jabberwocky by Lewis Carroll) Using the previous analysis to draw conclusions about the italicized words And, as in uffish thought he stood, The Jabberwock, with eyes on flame, Came whiffling through the tulgey wood, And burbled as it came! One two! One two! And through and through The vorpal blade went snicker-snack! (Carroll, L. (1871) Through the looking glass and what Alice found there)
