Nếu bạn đang tham gia trên sàn tìm việc, việc có được điểm thi TOEIC cao trong bản sơ yếu lý lịch của mình có thể là thông tin sáng giá mà một người chủ tương lai của bạn muốn thấy. Theo ETS có trên hai triệu người tham gia kỳ thi TOEIC mỗi năm. Với trên 8000 công ty trên khắp thế giới sử dụng kỳ thi TOEIC để xác định năng lực tiếng Anh của nhân viên. Nhiều trường đại học lớn cũng bắt đầu yêu cầu sinh viên. | BAI TEST READING 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 31 - 40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. NATIONAL CUISINE AND TOURISM. 1. To an extent agriculture dictates that every country should have a set of specific foods which are native to that country. They may even be unique. However even allowing for the power of agriculture science advances in food distribution and changes in food economics to alter the ethnocentric properties of food it is still possible for a country to be famous for a particular food even if it is widely available elsewhere. The degree to which cuisine is embedded in national culture 2. Within the sociology of food literature two themes suggest that food is linked to social culture. The first relates food and eating to social relationships Finkelstein Vissor Wood and the second establishes food as a reflection of the distribution of power within social structures Mennell . However establishing a role for food in personal relationships and social structures is not a sufficient argument to place food at the centre of national culture. To do that it is necessary to prove a degree of embeddedness. It would be appropriate at this point to consider the nature of culture. 3. The distinction made by Pierce between a behavioural contingency and a cultural contingency is crucial to our understanding of culture. Whilst a piece of behaviour may take place very often involve a network of people and be reproducible by other networks who do not know each other the meaning of the behaviour does not go beyond the activity itself. A cultural practice however contains and represents meta-contingencies that is behavioural practices that have a social meaning greater than the activity itself and which by their nature reinforce the culture which houses them. Celebrating birthdays is a cultural practice not because everybody does it but because it has a religious meaning. Contrast this with the practice in Britain of celebrating Guy Fawkes .
