Tham khảo tài liệu 'cơ sở đo đạc', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, kiến trúc - xây dựng phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Man s dimensional relationships The oldest known code of dimensional relationships of man was found in a burial chamber of the pyramids near Memphis and are estimated to date back to roughly 3000 BC. Certainly since then scientists and artists have been trying hard to refine human proportional relationships. We know about the proportional systems of the Empire of the Pharaohs of the time of Ptolemy the Greeks and the Romans and even the system of Polycletes which for a long time was applied as the standard the details given by Alberti Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo and the people of the Middle Ages. In particular the work of Durer is known throughout the world. In all of these works the calculations for a man s body were based on the lengths of heads faces or feet. These were then subdivided and brought into relationship with each other so that they were applicable throughout general life. Even within our own lifetimes feet and ells have been in common use as measurements. The details worked out by Durer became a common standard and were used extensively. He started with the height of man and expressed the subdivisions as fractions MAN THE UNIVERSAL STANDARD UWIMUT BASIS 1 2 h the whole of the top half of the body from the crotch upwards 1 4 h leg length from the ankle to the knee and from the chin to the navel 1 6 h length of foot 1 8 h head length from the hair parting to the bottom of the chin distance between the nipples 1 ioh face height and width including the ears hand length to the wrist 1 12 h face width at the level of the bottom of the nose leg width above the ankle and so on. The sub-divisions go up to 1 40 h. During the last century A. Zeising brought greater clarity with his investigations of the dimensional relationship of man s proportions. He made exact measurements and comparisons on the basis of the golden section. Unfortunately this work did not receive the attention it deserved until recently when a significant researcher in this field E. .
