This chapter covers important IOS features that you can use to manage your IOS device. Many of these features are supported across all IOS devices, but some of them are supported on only certain devices. This chapter focuses on these features as they relate to Cisco routers, beginning with how the router boots up, finds its operating system, and loads its configuration file, as well as how to back up and restore your IOS image. There are many tools that you can use on your router for troubleshooting connection problems, including the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), ping, trace, telnet, and debug. These tools are discussed at the. | CERTIFICATION OBJECTIVES CCNA CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE 6 Managing Your Network Device Router Hardware Components Router Bootup Process Router Configuration Files Changes in Your Network Q A Router IOS Image Files IOS Troubleshooting Two-Minute Drill Self Test 2 Chapter 6 Managing Your Network Device rri L . his chapter covers important IOS features that you can use to manage your IOS device. Many of these features are supported across all IOS devices but some of them are supported on only certain devices. This chapter focuses on these features as they relate to Cisco routers beginning with how the router boots up finds its operating system and loads its configuration file as well as how to back up and restore your IOS image. There are many tools that you can use on your router for troubleshooting connection problems including the Cisco Discovery Protocol CDP ping trace telnet and debug. These tools are discussed at the end of the chapter. Router Hardware Components Each IOS device has two main components hardware and software. Almost every IOS-based router uses the same hardware and firmware components to assist during the bootup process including the following ROM read-only memory RAM random access memory flash NVRAM nonvolatile RAM a configuration register and physical interfaces. All of these components can affect how the router boots up finds its operating system and loads it and finds its configuration file and loads it. The following sections cover these components in more depth. Read-Only Memory ROM The software in ROM cannot be changed unless you actually swap out the ROM chip on your router. ROM is nonvolatile when you turn off your device the contents of ROM are not erased. ROM contains the necessary firmware to boot up your router and typically has the following four components POST power-on self-test Performs tests on the router s hardware components. Bootstrap program Brings the router up and determines how the .
