Rural water supply and sanitation is one of major programs for rural development applied not only in Vietnam but also in other developing countries. However, due to poor income and low knowledge conditions, the numbers of farmers achieve this are not so high. | SANSED WORKSHOP - 14-16 June, 2005, CanTho University, Vietnam --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOILET DESIGN FOR RURAL AREAS AND SEPARATED URINE COLLECTION AS A FERTILIZER SOURCE Le Anh Tuan1*, Joachchim Clemens2, Duong Van Ni3, Nguyen Thanh Phong1** 1 Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, College of Technology, CanTho University, Campus II, Street 3/2, CanTho City, Vietnam. * E-mail: latuan@, ** E-mail: nguyenthanhphong@ 2 Institute of Plant Nutrition, University of Boon, Karlrobert-Kreiten-St. 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. E-mail: 3 Mekong Delta Development Institute, CanTho University, Campus II, Street 3/2, CanTho City, Vietnam. E-mail: dvni@ --- oOo --- ABSTRACT Rural water supply and sanitation is one of major programs for rural development applied not only in Vietnam but also in other developing countries. However, due to poor income and low knowledge conditions, the numbers of farmers achieve this are not so high. Currently, there is a little documentation in Vietnamese concerning toilet design have been found in bookstores and libraries although this is a real need, special for rural areas. For this purpose, a rural toilet design manual was just written in the College of Technology (CoT), CanTho University (CTU). Many types and forms of rural latrine - toilets have been illustrated. Otherwise, some ways for human excreta and urine disposal collection and treatment have been introduced also. Urine contains a very high of the excremental nutrients. Separated urine collection for mineral fertilizer is researching in CTU. First, some initials experiments on odorless urine condensation are being done. A design of urinating blocks for pupils with separated urine collection and treatment system will be drawn. Then, a pilot one will be built in a selected rural school. From this pilot result, a .
