Tham khảo tài liệu 'a dictionary of basic japanese grammar_02', ngoại ngữ, nhật - pháp - hoa- others phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | ageru1 63 ageru1 V- .Gr. 2 . gives . to a person who is not a member of the giver s in-group but ị whose status is about equal to that j of the giver. give REL. kureruỴ morau1 Key Sentence Topic subject Indirect Object Direct Object 11 Ai It IE Ị Ĩ í mt. Watasht wa Yoshiko ni hana ị 0 ageta agemashita. I gave Yoshiko flowers. Examples a èIf Ỡno-san wa Yamamoto-san ni hon o ageta. Ms. Ono gave Mr. Yamamoto a book. b Kimi wa An ni nani o agemashita ka. What did you give to Ann I Notes J 1. Ageru is one of a set of giving and receiving verbs the meaning is give . However ageru cannot be used when the indirect object is the first person . I or we or a person with whom the speaker empathizes usually a member of the speaker s in-group . Thus la and lb are ungrammatical. 1 a. Hanako wa watashi ni hon o ageta. Hanako gave me a book. b. Hanako wa watashi no musuko ni hon o ageta. Hanako gave my son a book. The reason for this is as follows Ageru requires the giver s point of view or a neutral point of view when describing an event. When an event involves the first person or a person the speaker empathizes with _ 64 ageru1 Ai . however the event is normally described from that person s point of view. See Characteristics of Japanese Grammar 9. Viewpoint. Therefore if the first person or a person the speaker empathizes with is a recipient in afireru-sentences a viewpoint conflict arises making the sentences ungrammatical. The grammatical sentences for la and lb are 2a and 2b respectively. i i kureru 2 a. llUỉ- ẳr nfco Hanako wa watashi ni hon o kureta. Hanako gave me a book. b. Hanako wa watashi no musuko ni hon o kureta. Hanako gave my son a book. 2. The humble polite version of ageru is sashiageru. Example 3 LfclfS Lfco Watashi wa sensei ni hon o sashiagemashita. I gave my teacher a book. The degree of politeness expressed in sashiageru is higher than that of kudasaru and itadaku which are the polite versions of kureru and morau respectively. kureru REL. II 3. When
