Tham khảo tài liệu 'a handbook of japanese grammar_09', ngoại ngữ, nhật - pháp - hoa- others phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 276 GRAMMATICAL EXPLANATIONS noru to ride get on nukeru Z to fall out ochiru to fall okiru Ẽ ề to get up oreru iff ft to break in two oriru 1 1 Ĩ to get down owaru to be over sagaru T to go down off sameru to get cold shimaru WJ ẳ to close tamaru Hr ẳ to be saved up tasukaru to be rescued tatsu to stand up tokeru iêơ-ỗ to melt tomaru 1E to stop toreru IMlZ to come off tsuzuku fee to continue tsuku to be lighted tsumaru Bn Ỉ to be packed tsunagaru to connect tsutawaru to spread umareru ÉÈ ft to be bom yakeru to bake yasumu frtr to take a rest waku to boil wareru ljft-ỗ to crack noseru Ó to give a ride nuku th to pull out otosu rề to drop okosu Ẽ 2. i to wake up oru iff Ó to break off fold orosu to take down oeru to finish sageru to lower samasu ế ầ to cool shimeru Ịỉỉiiòi to close tameru to save up tasukeru to rescue lateru aLX -6 to stand tokasu to melt tomeru 1E to stop torn to remove tsuzukeru to con- tinue tsukeru to light tsumeru topack tsunagu to connect tsutaeru to tell umu ÍÈỜ to give birth to yaku fit to bake yasumeru to rest wakasu to boil warn M Ĩ to crack NOUNS Japanese nouns have no gender or cases in themselves. Case is indicated by a particle. There is also no distinction between singular NOUNS 277 and plural nouns. However certain suffixes such as tachi may be added after a pronoun to indicate the plural. Types of Nouns 1. CONJUNCTIVE FORM AS NOUN There are several verbs whose conjunctive forms can be dealt with as nouns. DICT. FORM OF VERB hajimeru to begin hareru to clear up kangaeru to think kotaeru to answer odoroku to be surprised owaru to end tasukeru to help CONJUNCTIVE FORM AS NOUN hajime the beginning hare good weather kangae a thoughưidea opinion kotae an answer odoroki a surprise owari an end tasuke a help 2. ADJECTIVE STEM AS NOUN There are several adjectives whose stems can be dealt with as nouns though some require a specific suffix. DiCT. FORM OF ADJECTIVE akai be red shiroi be while takai be high tanoshii be pleasant STEM AS .
