Tham khảo tài liệu 'sound patterns of spoken english phần 4', ngoại ngữ, kỹ năng nghe tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 42 Processes in Conversational English nasal is thought to be the source of the phonemically nasal vowels of French . beau bon and Portuguese se sim si sĩ where it is said to be phonologized because the distinction has formally passed from the consonant to the vowel. Clearly English can not be said to have gone that far phonologically. It is striking that at least in English this process does not seem to occur before voiced stops words like band around are much more likely to be realized without the final d in final position or before another consonant than without the nasal segment. The voiced alveolar sequences thus follow the pattern of the labial and velar bomb limb tomb sing sequences in most accents in non-pronunciation of the final stop though they are not yet standard pronunciation. Syllable shape again Below is the citation form of a sentence collected from one of my Am. speakers And the scientists are always saying that there s no life on Mars followed by the actual realization ndỗa saiantistsajolwiz seiiqỗ tỗejznora laifanmajz VCCCVVCCVCCCVCVCCVCCVCVC CVCCVC CVCC na sainas J0i seinattejsnorn laifamajz CVCVCVCCVCVCV CVCCCV CVCVCVCC In the former there are eight consonant clusters six of two consonants and two of three consonants. In the latter we see three consonant clusters two of two consonants and one of three. The movement towards a CVCV structure is clear though not complete. Other Processes These can be roughly described as processes which operate at the beginnings of words and which primarily affect short closed-class words. Processes in Conversational English 43 d-reduction This is the process whereby initial 5 in words such as the this that becomes assimilated to a previous alveolar consonant cf. Lodge 1984 Manuel 1995 . Several different phonetic realizations are possible ranging from moving the tongue forward from alveolar to dental while maintaining the other characteristics of the alveolar consonant what the heck wotda fiek
