Tham khảo tài liệu 'objects of metaphor phần 2', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 24 Clearing a Space by Henry is scaphocelphalic or if we speak no German by Ich habe ein Fernsehapparat . And this remains true even if it turns out that the first of the sentences about Juliet requires on average some number of milliseconds more of comprehension time than the second. With these clarifications we can now turn to further business of this section the consequences of accepting as we should the truth of transparency. I have been insisting that we are not brought up short by Romeo s remark because there is a sense in which when we hear it we understand it we take it in just as we do literal utterances. I have also insisted that though there may be issues about the depth of this understanding it cannot be as shallow as the mere recognition of grammatical form. Against this background what transparency requires is that any acceptable account of metaphor must put in place something in the realm of meaning or meaningfulness that is made available on hearing metaphorical utterances using familiar words. In short any acceptable account must have the resources to explain transparency. This might not sound like much to ask but it turns out to be a surprisingly strong constraint. An obvious first move relevant to various accounts would be that when we hear Romeo s remark we understand it as asserting of Juliet that she is literally the sun. Many regard this as at least one meaning of Romeo s utterance that is available to us on first hearing and thus might account for its transparency. Moreover writers as otherwise diverse as Black Davidson and Searle could all sign up to diss even if hey do not agree about the correct account of metaphor they could all appeal to literal meaning to explain transparency. In spite of these advantages however this is not and cannot be the whole of what we have immediate access to when we hear R . To see this imagine a speaker who unproblematically understands R as a literal assertion but who is as I shall say metaphor-blind . Such
