Tham khảo tài liệu 'english in the southern united states phần 4', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | The shared ancestry of Southern Englishes 71 of varieties. I am avoiding being more specific here because a large proportion of European immigrants during the seventeenth century were small farmers and indentured servants - 50-75 percent of the European population in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake colonies Kulikoff 1991 . The Africans came initially as indentured servants and lost this status in the Chesapeake colonies only toward the last third of the seventeenth century Tate 1965 . This information also highlights both the significantly proletarian ancestry of many European Americans and the non-standard origins of European-American vernaculars. It should also make obvious why AAE is so different from standard educated English as it inherited its features from non-standard vernaculars. We should never forget that several indentured servants did not speak English natively as they came from Germany Ireland France and some other places in continental Europe. Ireland was then just shifting from an exploitation colony on the model of India and African British colonies in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to a settlement colony on the North American model as explained in Mufwene 2001b .12 The appropriation of English as a vernacular rather than as a lingua franca among the Irish was just beginning then and a significant proportion of them did not speak it fluently if at all including some of those who wound up in the New World colonies. All this information highlights the fact that contrary to a well-established myth among both linguists and lay people European-American vernaculars have not been inherited wholesale from the British Isles but are colonial contact-based phenomena like AAE Mufwene 1999 . I am assuming that external influence on a language need not consist of elements imported from another language but may involve only the role played by that language in determining what features from varieties of the target language will be selected into the .
