Tham khảo tài liệu 'english in the southern united states phần 9', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 202 Barbara Johnstone Unlike Miss Sophie Tracy is oriented here to what is stigmatized about southernsounding speech as well as to what may be rhetorically effective about it. Sounding country is clearly desirable in some contexts for some purposes Johnstone 1998 . Some students in Texas high schools and universities adopt southernsounding ways of talking together with other markers of ruralness such as stylized cowboy dress country music and dancing and pick-up trucks to express their allegiance to traditional small-town values whether or not they actually come from small towns. But Tracy s set of attitudes about her variety it is not an educated way of sounding but it is appropriate with friends who understand its uses is also very common and probably more typical of people of her generation than of people of Miss Sophie s. Southern speech was less known and recognized outside the South in Miss Sophie s day than it is now due in part to large-scale migrations of Southerners to the West during the 1930s and to the North after World War II and to the increasing visibility of Southerners in national politics and the media. Southern-sounding speech is thus probably more stigmatized now by outsiders and Southerners alike than it was earlier. Migration of people from elsewhere into Texas during several oil booms has created an enhanced need for an in-group way of talking by which people who consider themselves real Texans can identify themselves to and with each other. Bailey 1991 shows for example that certain phonological and lexical features associated with sounding like a Texan are increasing in use with the need for Texans to distinguish themselves from northern in-migrants. Orienting to southernness somewhat differently Janet Wilson claims not to use southern-sounding speech I think I ve probably tried to minimize it not so much because she thinks it sounds uneducated as because she thinks it sounds rural. Having spent most of her life in Houston she thinks of .
