Tham khảo tài liệu 'modern grammars of case anderson phần 7', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 252 Modern Grammars of Case If these relations are defined configurationally then 58 would apparently have to involve extraordinary lexicalization. This is incompatible with any notion that the syntax is driven by the lexicon. Otherwise we have to posit entirely different mechanisms for the characterization of semantic relations in English and Japanese and between English subjects and objects and other manifestations of such relations. Even in English independent functors raise a problem for conWgurational approaches as we have seen. As complements all such functor phrases have a single configurationally defined grammatical relation which was what led to the inconsistency involved in Chomsky s 1965 Place and Time nodes. And the syntax of all these phrases is not equivalent. Again any diVerentiation of these phrases configurationally would have to enhance considerably the abstractness of the syntactic representation. In Japanese this would involve all complements and possibly the subject though its status raises a number of further issues . Circumstantials such as the final functor phrase in 26a introduce yet another problem for this tradition and for UTAH. This is in addition to the problem that in English for instance they are mostly associated with an independent functor a preposition and though configurationally distinguishable from complements thus replicate among themselves the situation found with such complements. Circumstantials are not even subcategorized for their syntax involves modification. It is they who induce the modifica-tional structure that was shown in 26b above. ModiWcation may be distinguishable configurationally from complementation but the configuration is imposed by the circumstantial functor or modifying categories in general . It seems clear on several grounds that the utility of UTAH is diminished by adoption of the view of deep structure envisaged in Chomsky 1965 . The modest abstractness of traditional deep structure would have to be .
