Tham khảo tài liệu 'schaum s outline of english grammar 2nd edition phần 6', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | CHAP. 3 VERBS AND VERBALS 67 10. I found his writing tedious. function__ modifiers_ object __ VERBALS USED AS MODIFIERS Participles and infinitives are verbals that are used as modifiers. Like all modifiers they must be clearly identified with the words they modify. Consider the following sentences Driving for the tee the golfer scored his first birdie. The participle driving modifies the noun golfer. Having served the general for six years the soldier knew all his habits. The participle having served modifies the noun soldier. The teeming rain flooded the streets. The participle teeming modifies rain . The grocer telephoned the wholesaler to order supplies. The infinitive to order modifies the verb telephoned so to order functions as an adverb. Mary had an assignment to complete. The infinitive to complete modifies the noun assignment so to complete functions as an adjective. DANGLING AND MISPLACED MODIFIERS Modifiers not clearly identified with words they modify are called dangling modifiers or misplaced modifiers. Dangling Participles Having eaten Chinese food many times before there was no reason to become ill. Having eaten is a participle that is part of the participial phrase Having eaten Chinese food many times before. The entire phrase acts as a modifier but has nothing to modify in the principal clause there was no reason to become ill. The phrase therefore is considered a dangling modifier. We repair the sentence by supplying a noun pronoun or noun phrase for the participle to modify Correct Having eaten Chinese food many times before I had no reason to become ill. Another way to repair the sentence is to convert the participial phrase into a dependent clause Correct Since I had eaten Chinese food many times before I had no reason to become ill. Correct Since I had eaten Chinese food many times before there was no reason for me to become ill. 68 .
