Tài liệu tham khảo giáo trình cơ học kết cấu trong ngành xây dựng bằng Tiếng Anh - Yamaguchi, E. “Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability” Structural Engineering Handbook Ed. Chen Wai-Fah Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999 - Aluminum Structures | Sharp . Aluminum Structures Structural Engineering Handbook Ed. Chen Wai-Fah Boca Raton CRC Press LLC 1999 Aluminum Structures Maurice L. Sharp Consultant Aluminum Structures Avonmore PA Introduction The Material Alloy Characteristics Codes and Specifications Structural Behavior General Component Behavior Joints Fatigue Design General Considerations Design Studies Economics of Design Defining Terms References Further Reading Introduction The Material Background Of the structural materials used in construction aluminum was the latest to be introduced into the market place even though it is the most abundant of all metals making up about 1 12 of the earth s crust. The commercial process was invented simultaneously in the . and Europe in 1886. Commercial production of the metal started thereafter using an electrolytic process that economically separated aluminum from its oxides. Prior to this time aluminum was a precious metal. The initial uses of aluminum were for cooking utensils and electrical cables. The earliest significant structural use of aluminum was for the skins and members of a dirigible called the Shenendoah completed in 1923. The first structural design handbook was developed in 1930 and the first specification was issued by the industry in 1932 4 . Product Forms Aluminum is available in all the common product forms flat-rolled extruded cast and forged. Fasteners such as bolts rivets screws and nails are also manufactured. The available thicknesses of flat-rolled products range from in. or less for foil to in. or more for plate. Widths to 17 ft are possible. Shapes in aluminum are extruded. Some presses can extrude sections up to 31 in. wide. The extrusion process allows the material to be placed in areas that maximize structural properties and joining ease. Because the cost of extrusion dies is relatively low most extruded shapes are designed for specific applications. Castings of various types and forgings
