Tham khảo tài liệu 'a comprehensive grammar phần 10', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 370 Chinese A Comprehensive Grammar b introductory phrases X tAfe WfpJ fĩ Ỉ5íL duìbuqí qỉng wen láo jià yĩ wỗ kàn yĩbãn lái shuỗ Sorry . May I ask . Excuse me . In my view . Generally speaking . c angry and abusive íSìẫ huógãi Serves you right ỈO gủndàn Scram M 1 tãmãde Damn it hunzhang Bastard iWM 1 ql yõu CỈ1Ỉ Nonsense d -jt zhen really as an opener zhen zaogao zhẽn gãisì zhẽn yàomìng zhẽn qíguài What a mess. Too bad. Damn it. What a nuisance It s terrible. Very odd. e foregrounding a descriptive term with w de for emphasis hăoduãnduãn de I weishenme shẽng qi qì lái le Everything is fine and so why are you getting angry wúyuán wú gù de I nỉ zenme mà qì rén lái le For no reason at all why did you start swearing at people húlihútũ de I wõ bá nèi jiàn shì quán wàng le In my confusion I entirely forgot about that. f T le voicing an interruption FT FT SiJizIT 0 hăo le I hăo le I bié tí le OK OK leave it out. i f dé le I bùyào zài shuõ le Enough don t say any more. WT suàn le That s it. there s nothing we can do about it Imperatives and Exclamations 371 EXCLAMATIONS PARTICLES AND DEGREE ADVERBIALS OR COMPLEMENTS fl ã is the archi-phonemic indicator for most exclamations. Its phonetic and graphemic variants depend on the last vowel or consonant preceding it. The following table gives a rough guide to the possible phonetic and graphetic variations of fl ã endings of the tinal phonetic and previous word graphemic realisations a e i non-alveolar o Ũ fl ã ọĩ yã u ao OU fl ã BỀ wã n fl ã 0Ị5 nã end-of-sentence le fl ã lã ng i alveolar fl ã fl ă fl ã is normally preceded in the exclamatory sentence or phrase by a degree adverb or complement such as how . . etc. Here are some examples zheli de fengjing duõ mei ya How beautiful the scenery is here. zhèi xỉàng gongzuo duõme yõu yìyì ya This work is really meaningful. jTnnian xiàtiãn de tiănqì zhẽnhăo wa The weather this summer is really good. wõ de tiãn na Heavens above shénme dõu ãnpái hăo la Everything is sorted out .
