Tham khảo tài liệu 'sat ii history episode 1 part 7', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | REVIEWING THE NEW NATION TO MID-CENTURY Review Strategy See pp. 127-128for the conflicts over the Second Bank. and their markets on the coast and 3 authorization of a Second National Bank. Expiration of the First Bank s charter in 1811 because of the opposition of Republicans had severely hampered efforts to finance the War of 1812. Without the National Bank there was no stable national currency people had little confidence in the state-chartered banks and in their currency. Because it was good for the country Republicans approved a charter for the Second National Bank in 1816. McCulloch v. Maryland 1819 principle of implied powers Case In 1816 as part of a political fight to limit the powers of the federal government Maryland placed a tax on all notes issued by banks that did business in the state but were chartered outside the state. The target was the Second Bank of the United States. In a test case the bank s cashier James McCulloch refused to pay the tax. Maryland won in state court and McCulloch appealed. Decision In upholding the constitutionality of the Second Bank the Court cited the necessary and proper clause. The Court ruled that the Bank was necessary to fulfill the government s duties to tax borrow and coin money. Significance The Court s opinion broadened the powers of Congress to include implied powers in addition to those listed in the Constitution. This ruling has had a major impact on the development of the government allowing it to evolve as needed to meet new circumstances. Review Strategy Track the issue of internal improvements as a factor in sectionalism. Congress passed the Tariff of 1816. Westerners and people from the Middle Atlantic states supported the tariff. Even some of those like Thomas Jefferson who had opposed Hamilton s tariff plan in 1789 approved of this protective tariff. New Englanders were divided with Daniel Webster arguing for no tariff. At this point some Southerners such as John C. Calhoun expected that their region .
