Về từ vựng, ngoài bộ từ vựng Yamato, tiếng Nhật sử dụng rất nhiều chữ Hán được du nhập từ Trung Quốc, ngoài ra gần đây từ vựng phương Tây ngày càng nhiều hơn trong kho từ mượn của tiếng Nhật (xem thêm Hệ thống từ vựng). | 282 GRAMMATICAL EXPLANATIONS Dochira This is the polite equivalent of doko where dore which and dare who . Which meaning it carries must be determined by context and can at times be confusing . PREPOSITIONS Common English prepositions are generally expressed by post-positional particles or phrases in Japanese. When a post-positional phrase using particles precedes a noun and is used to modify it as a rule the ni or de in the phrase is replaced with no. If made or kara are used in the phrase they must be followed by no. Compare the following two sentences Sono hon wa kahan no naka ni iremashita. I put that book in the bag. Kuban no naka no hon o nakushimashita. 1 lost the book that was in the bag. no naka ni becomes no naka no as it is used to modify the noun ơn which follows English Prepositions Expressed in Japanese 1. ABOVE no Lie de ni higher than I ma kumo no lie ni imasu. We are above the clouds now. ijo to a greater degree than Tesuto no ten wa heikin ijo desu. My test scores are above average. 2. ACROSS o yokogitte crossing from one side to the other side of Obasan ga dõro o yokogitte aruite yo. PREPOSITIONS 283 An old woman is walking across the road. no ỉnukõ ni on the opposite side of Shiyakusho wa ano ginkõ no mukõ nì arimasu. The city office is on the other side of that bank. 3. AFTER no ato de ni the time that follows Shigoto no ato de o-cha o nomo. Let s have tea after work. Kaimono o shita ato de eiga o mìyõ. Let s see a movie after doing the shopping. Anata no ato de kekkõ desu. After you is fine. 4. ALONG ni sotte or o parallel to the length of Tokidoki kaigan ni sotte sanpo shimasu. 1 sometimes take a walk along the beach. o from one end to the other end of Kono tori o iku to kõen ga aru. If you go along this street you will find a park. 5. AMONG no naka de ni in the middle of bcing one of San satsu no naka de kore ga ichiban suki desu. I like this best among the three books . no aida de ni in the group of Sore wa karera no aida de Slide ni
