Tham khảo tài liệu 'gmat reading episode 1 part 2', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Generated by Foxit PDF Creator Foxit Software http For evaluation only. that provide a minimum standard of living. C Poverty statistics do not consistently agree with earnings statistics when each is taken as a measure of hardship resulting from unemployment. D The elderly and handicapped categories include many who previously were employed in the labor market. E Since the labor market is global in nature poor workers in one country are competing with poor workers in another with respect to the level of wages and the existence of jobs. Passage 6 In the eighteenth century Japan s feudal overlords from the shogun to the humblest samurai found themselves under financial stress. In part this stress can be attributed to 5 the overlords failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency in 10 urn had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time it is 15 not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlords income despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlords income re- 20 sulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary officeholding as from their higher standards of living a misfortune like a fire or flood bringing an increase in expenses or a drop 25 in revenue could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover. It was difficult for individual samurai over- 30 lords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers .
