Trong lối diễn đạt thân mật, đôi khi trợ từ -no được thêm vào thay vì “ka” để biểu thị một sự quan tâm cá nhân của người nói : Dōshite konai-no? "Sao (mày) lại không đến?" | Particles 63 mo including excluding Mo means also or too. Depending on which word it follows in a sentence mo can replace wa ga or o. When used with a negative verb the meaning is not either or neither. nor. Examples Watakushi mo ikitai desu. I want to go too. I too want to go Gohan mo I suki desu. I also like rice. rice also like Yõko san wa. niku mo sakana mo meat neither fish nor tabemasen. Yoko eats neither meat nor fish. doesn t eat emphasis This meaning of mo is even in the sense of emphasis. 64 Parts of Speech Examples Ano Amerikajin wa sashimi mo raw fish even tabemasu. That American even eats raw fish. eats Ichi doru mo I arimasen. I I don t even have one 1----------------------------1 dollar. one dollar even there isn t shika limitation Shika means only just. Although the meaning is affirmative it takes the negative form of the verb. Examples Eigo shika shirimasen. I only know English. English only don t know Shinbun shika yomimasen. 1 only read newspapers. newspapers only don t read Particles 65 to complete listing To means and when stating all possible items in a list. The implication is and nothing more. Examples Jon san to Merĩ san ga kimashita. I John and Mary came. Enpitsu to nõto to jõgi o pencils and notebook and ruler kaimashita. 11 bought pencils a notebook and a ruler. bought involvement Here to means together with. Examples Satõ san to honya e ikimashita. I went to the I bookstore with Mr. Sato. with bookstore to .
