Theo âm vần luận, những chữ như kōhī 「コーヒー」 (cà phê) và hīhī 「ひいひい」 (tiếng rên), tồn tại một yếu tố gọi là trường âm biểu diễn bằng 「ー」 hay hàng a 「あ」 trong kana (ký hiệu âm tố là /R/) | 46 I Verbs Kare ga nani 0 itta ka oboete imasu ka Do you remember what he eaid sị-ỒĂ lilếíỄƯTUắi-t Mira san wa kekkon shite imasu Mõ Miller is married The verb L ĩ ĩữĩ to know is used in the T form with C -S when positive but not when negative Ế ífcio íss ÉỉDt -cuírz Satõ sensei no denwa bangõ 0 shitte imasu ka Do you know Professor Sato s phone number mvt ĩnu W -CMC T fc ỂC lie shirimasen. Jimusho de kite kudasai No I don t know it . Please ask at the office If a question with U-S mentions previously unknown information then the answer needs to be in the past negative form and not the T form with c Ĩ nW Kara ga Kaoru chan to tsukiatte iru no 0 shitte imashita ka Did you know that he s qoirtq out with Kaoru IW ỈDỤttìTuTl lt lie shirimasen deshita No. I didn t know The verbs ĩ to exist to be to have to exist to be and 1 4 S-2 to need are not used in the x form with I -S. Potential forms see potential form are not used with However -5 in the sense of to be completed to be ready can be used with Gohan ga dekite iru Dinner Is ready Verbs of motion in the x form When follows the T form of . or Zl X. S it shows that a state is continuing and is often translated into English with has gone has come has returned Verbs I 47 Shujin wa kaisha ni itte imasu My husband has gone to work Shujin wa mõ ie ni kaette iru My husband has already come home In the sentence below the in-laws have come and are still here Tsuma no kazoku ga kite ite taihen isogashii desu My wife s family are here so we are very busy The T form verbs of giving and receiving The verbs T give someone gives me receive and other verbs of similar meaning are used with the T form when there is some sense of a benefit being given or received by the action taking place see pp. 94 - 95 . In the following sentences the verb is translated as tell in both cases but the Japanese equivalents differ. Japanese requires a verb of benefit to be used especially when both the giver and the receiver of the action are in polite .
