Điều này được xác nhận bằng cách quan sát một biểu hiện phản chiếu của công lý là "ăn miếng trả miếng cho Chiến lược tat '. Nó cũng xác nhận sự tồn tại của các nhóm của các cá nhân người quan tâm nhiều về nhau về bản thân, để mang lại lợi ích tự nguyện chuyển giao cho các thành viên nhóm những người tồi tệ nhất off. | The Dilemma as regards Responsibility 451 identify with each other and do not regard benefits to others as adequate compensation for their own losses but demand to receive something themselves in return for favours rendered to others. This is confirmed by the observation that a pre-reflective expression of justice is the tit for tat strategy. It is also confirmed by the existence of groups of individuals who care as much about each other as about themselves so that benefits are voluntarily transferred to the group members who are worst off. Since there are no competing claims within this group it can for the purposes of just distribution be treated as single unit like single individuals whose distribution of benefits over their own lives is regarded as being outside the sphere of justice. This point may be clearer if we turn from bilateral to unilateral voluntary transfers of benefits. Suppose for instance that in a situation in which justly all are equally well off one voluntarily transfers a benefit to another thereby making her better off. Then the resulting inequality is not We should here remind ourselves of a remark made in Chapter 27 it is not morally wrong to make oneself worse off than others provided dependants are not affected . Since creating an unjust inequality would be morally wrong other things being equal this inequality is not unjust. But neither is this inequality just merely voluntarily choosing to benefit somebody cannot make this just. A voluntary transfer of a benefit is then in itself neither just nor unjust. That is to say a distribution can be beyond the pale of justice so we must not infer from the fact that it is say not just that it is unjust. In respect of being beyond the pale of justice this distribution is like distributions over one s own life. As noted in Chapter 27 intra-personal distributions are in themselves neither morally right nor wrong they are rather simply rational or irrational or more colloquially wise or .
