Nó không phải là khá rõ ràng có tính năng nghe dẫn đến kết luận rằng một người nói "âm thanh màu đen," nhưng một số người nghe cảm thấy rằng họ có thể làm cho quyết định này. Đây không phải là một vấn đề mới. | African American English 87 characterize the speech of some African Americans is sounding Black. It is not quite clear which features lead listeners to conclude that a speaker sounds black but some listeners feel that they can make this determination. This is not anew issue. In 1972 in apaper entitled Sounding Black or Sounding White Rickford raised the question of what specific features were used to identify black and white speech and found the more varied intonation of black speech most significant. More recently the issue of identifying a person s race on the basis of voice quality or speech patterns has been addressed in the media. In 1995 during a widely publicized court case one of the attorneys was accused of suggesting that race could be determined by one s voice. The following excerpt Margolick 1995 is from The New York Times article reporting the relevant portion of the trial But on cross examination Christopher A. Darden a prosecutor contended that in statements to friends Mr. Heidstra had identified the two people as a young white man and an older black one and even identified Mr. Simpson as one of the speakers. I know it was . It had to be him Mr. Darden said Mr. Heidstra told a friend. Mr. Heidstra dismissed the suggestion that he had identified the speakers by their age or race as absurd insisting he could not have told whether they were white or brown or yellow. When Mr. Darden pushed him Mr. Cochran rose angrily to object. . . Simply by suggesting that someone s race can be gleaned from the sound and timbre of his voice Mr. Darden opened up once more the volcanic issue of race . . . John Baugh is conducting research on linguistic profiling and has found that listeners respond unfavorably to him when he uses his black voice see Baugh 1999 . In a National Public Radio NPR interview Smith 2001 Baugh explained that he had conducted a series of experiments that involved making telephone calls to inquire about the availability of apartments. As he .
