Tham khảo tài liệu 'biofuels, solar and wind as renewable energy systems_benefits and risks episode 1 part 8', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 160 R. Rapier very similar to petroleum diesel and propane Hodge 2006 . The primary advantages over first-generation biodiesel technology are 1 . The cold weather properties are superior 2 . The propane byproduct is preferable over glycerol byproduct 3 . The heating content is greater 4 . The cetane number is greater and 5 . Capital costs and operating costs are lower Arena et al. 2006 . A number of companies have announced renewable diesel projects based on hydroprocessing technology. In May 2007 Neste Oil Corporation in Finland inaugurated a plant that will produce 170 000 t a of renewable diesel fuel from a mix of vegetable oil and animal fat Neste 2007 . Italy s Eni has announced plans for a facility in Livorno Italy that will hydrotreat vegetable oil for supplying European markets. Brazil s Petrobras is currently producing renewable diesel via their patented hydrocracking technology NREL 2006 . And in April 2007 ConocoPhillips after testing their hydrocracking technology to make renewable diesel from rapeseed oil in Whitegate Ireland announced a partnership with Tyson Foods to convert waste animal fat into diesel ConocoPhillips 2007 . Like biodiesel production which normally utilizes fossil fuel-derived methanol hydroprocessing requires fossil fuel-derived No definitive life cycle analyses have been performed for diesel produced via hydroprocessing. Therefore the energy return and overall environmental impact have yet to be quantified. Biomass-to-Liquids When an organic material is burned . natural gas coal biomass it can be completely oxidized gasified to carbon dioxide and water or it can be partially oxidized to carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The latter partial oxidation POX or gasification reaction is accomplished by restricting the amount of oxygen during the combustion. The resulting mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is called synthesis gas syngas and can be used as the starting material for a wide variety of organic compounds
