Tham khảo tài liệu 'guidelines on - upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinomas', y tế - sức khoẻ, y dược phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Guidelines on 1 Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Cell Carcinomas M. Rouprêt R. Zigeuner J. Palou A. Boehle E. Kaasinen R. Sylvester M. Babjuk W. Oosterlinck European Association of Urology 2011 European Association of Urology TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. METHODOLOGY 3 3. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Epidemiology Risk factors Histology and classification Histologic types Classification Tumour Node Metastasis TNM classification Tumour grade Symptoms Diagnosis Imaging Multidetector computed tomographic urography Magnetic resonance imaging Cystoscopy and urinary cytology Diagnostic ureteroscopy Prognostic factors Tumour stage and grade Age and gender Tumour location Lymphovascular invasion Other factors Molecular markers Treatment Localised disease Radical nephroureterectomy Conservative surgery Ureteroscopy Segmental resection Percutaneous access Adjuvant topical agents Advanced disease Nephroureterectomy Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Follow-up 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 10 4. CONCLUSION 11 5. REFERENCES 11 6. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXT 19 2 MARCH 2011 1. INTRODUCTION The most recent summary of the European Association of Urology EAU guidelines on upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinomas UUT-UCCs was published in 2004 1 . The EAU Guideline Group for UUT-UCCs has prepared current guidelines to provide evidence-based information for the clinical management of these rare tumours and to help clinicians incorporate these recommendations into their practice. The current update is based on a structured literature search. 2. METHODOLOGY A Medline search was performed on urothelial malignancies and UUT-UCC management using combinations of the following terms urinary tract cancer urothelial carcinomas upper
