Tham khảo tài liệu 'guidelines on - male infertility', y tế - sức khoẻ, y dược phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Guidelines on Male Infertility . Dohle T. Diemer A. Giwercman A. Jungwirth Z. Kopa C. Krausz European Association of Urology 2010 European Association of Urology TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 6 Methodology 6 Publication history 6 Definition 6 Epidemiology and aetiology 7 Prognostic factors 7 Recommendations 8 References 8 2. INVESTIGATIONS 8 Semen analysis 8 Frequency of semen analysis 9 Recommendations 9 References 9 3. TESTICULAR DEFICIENCY SPERMATOGENIC FAILURE 9 Definition 9 Aetiology 9 History and physical examination 10 Investigations 10 Semen analysis 10 Hormonal determinations 10 Testicular biopsy 10 Conclusions 11 Recommendations 11 References 11 4. GENETIC DISORDERS IN INFERTILITY 14 Introduction 14 Chromosomal abnormalities 14 Sperm chromosomal abnormalities 14 Sex chromosome abnormalities Klinefelter s syndrome and variants 47 XXY 46 XY 47 XXY mosaicism 14 Autosomal abnormalities 15 Translocations 15 Genetic defects 15 X-linked genetic disorders and male fertility 15 Kallmann syndrome 15 Mild Androgen Insensitivity syndrome 15 Other X-disorders 15 Y chromosome and male infertility 15 Introduction 15 Clinical implications of Y microdeletions 16 Testing for Y microdeletions 17 Conclusions 17 Autosomal defects with severe phenotypic abnormalities and infertility 17 Cystic fibrosis mutations and male infertility 18 Unilateral or bilateral absence abnormality of the vas and renal anomalies 18 Unknown genetic disorders 18 DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa 19 Genetic counselling and intracytoplasmic sperm injection ICSI 19 Conclusions 19 Recommendations 19 References 19 5. OBSTRUCTIVE AZOOSPERMIA OA 24 Definition 24 Classification 24 2 UPDATE APRIL 2010 Intratesticular obstruction 24 Epididymal obstruction 24
