Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về sinh học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học Journal of Biology đề tài: Dosage compensation is less effective in birds than in mammals. | Journal of Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access Dosage compensation is less effective in birds than in mammals Yuichiro Itoh Esther Melamed Xia Yang1 Kathy Kampf Susanna Wang1 Nadir Yehya Atila Van Nash Kirstin Replogle Mark R Band David F Clayton Eric E Schadt Aldons J Lusis and Arthur P Arnold Addresses Department of Physiological Science University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA. Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and . Keck Center for Comparative and Functional Genomics University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA. llRosetta Inpharmatics Seattle WA 98034 USA. These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence Arthur P Arnold. Email arnold@ Published 22 March 2007 Received 7 June 2006 Revised 15 September 2006 Journal of Biology 2007 6 2 Accepted 12 January 2007 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http content 6 1 2 2007 Itoh et al. licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http licenses by which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background In animals with heteromorphic sex chromosomes dosage compensation of sex-chromosome genes is thought to be critical for species survival. Diverse molecular mechanisms have evolved to effectively balance the expressed dose of X-linked genes between XX and XY animals and to balance expression of X and autosomal genes. Dosage compensation is not understood in birds in which females ZW and males ZZ differ in the number of Z chromosomes. Results Using microarray analysis we compared the male female ratio of expression of sets of Z-linked and autosomal genes in two bird species zebra finch and chicken and in two .
