Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về sinh học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học Journal of Biology đề tài: Parental squabbles and genome expression: lessons from the polyploids. | Journal of Biology BloMed Central Minireview Parental squabbles and genome expression lessons from the polyploids Daniela Pignatta and Luca Comai Address Plant Biology and Genome Center University of California 451 E. Health Sciences Drive Davis CA 95616 USA. Correspondence Luca Comai Email lcomai@ Published 1 May 2009 Journal of Biology 2009 8 43 doi jbiol140 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http content 8 4 43 2009 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract The merger of evolutionarily diverged genomes to form a new polyploid genetic system can involve extensive remodeling of gene regulation. A recent paper in BMC Biology provides important insights into regulatory events that have affected the evolution of allopolyploid cotton. Polyploidy results from multiplication of the entire chromosome set autopolyploidy when multiplication involves chromosome sets of the same type allopolyploidy when duplication is either concurrent with or subsequent to hybridization of different species Figure 1 1 . In stable allopolyploids parental species-specific chromosome pairing is enforced and so the two parental genomes are maintained with limited changes through successive generations. Hybridity the condition in which an organism inherits diverged genomes from each parent is thus a permanent condition of allopolyploids. Like interspecific hybrids newly formed allopolyploids display a range of novel phenotypes that are both favorable and unfavorable but which are overall of questionable fitness. Although it might seem unlikely that these freaks of nature could contribute to the evolutionary race the remnants of wholegenome duplication in all sequenced plant genomes attests otherwise. Polyploidy - most probably allopolyploidy -recurred multiple times in each analyzed lineage after which the duplicated gene set fractionated slowly back over evolutionary time to apparent diploidy 2 . Therefore new allopolyploid .
