Thu từ du lịch quốc tế được quy định như chi tiêu của khách quốc tế trong nước, bao gồm cả các khoản thanh toán cho hãng vận chuyển quốc gia về vận tải quốc tế. Dữ liệu được trong hiện tại USD. Để biết thêm thông tin, xem WDI, Bảng 6,14. Đây là khóa học một ngưỡng đặc biệt. Về vấn đề này trong Srinivasan (1986) và Armstrong và Đọc (1998). | 24 The economics of tourism and sustainable development for helpful suggestions go to Luca De Benedictis. Excellent research assistance by Fabio Manca is gratefully acknowledged. Financial support from Interreg IIIc is gratefully acknowledged by Francesco Pigliaru. 2. On the growth perspectives of tourism countries see Copeland 1991 Hazari and Sgro 1995 Lanza and Pigliaru 1994 2000a b . 3. International tourism receipts are defined as expenditures by international inbound visitors including payments to national carriers for international transport. Data are in current US dollars. For more information see WDI Table . 4. This is of course an ad hoc threshold. More on this issue in Srinivasan 1986 and Armstrong and Read 1998 . 5. Countries in each group are listed in the Appendix. With the exception of LDCs the groups in our chapter coincide with those used in Easterly and Kraay 2000 . 6. The same result is obtained when the three non-small tourism countries Jamaica Jordan and Singapore are added to the STC dummy regressions 4 5 as for regression 6 only small countries have an index of tourism specialization greater than 20 per cent . 7. Human capital - a crucial variable in M-R-W - is not included in our regressions because data on six of our STCs are not available. 8. The annual growth rates of real per capita GDP average 1980-95 in STCs are as follows Samoa per cent Fiji per cent Grenada per cent Cyprus per cent Malta per cent St Vincent and the Grenadines per cent Vanuatu per cent Seychelles per cent Barbados per cent Bermuda per cent St Kitts and Nevis per cent St Lucia per cent the Bahamas per cent Maldives per cent. 9. For instance as we argue in section 5 a rapid and intense use of the environment could generate a high but declining growth rate vice versa a less intense use of the environment could generate growth benefits in the longer run rather than the short term. Moreover destination countries .
