Khi subteams nhiều trong một nhóm dự án tổng thể có trách nhiệm cá nhân, các phác thảo có thể được một ít khó sử dụng vì nó không trực quan riêng biệt hoạt động theo ngành nghề chức năng. Một cây kết hợp sơ đồ và phác thảo WBS. | having to use plants and equipment to the max. In some organizations the most careful and comprehensive project budgets end up being slashed by some senior managers or executives who are operating based on some agenda to which you are not privy. In his book The New Project Management author . Frame says Political meddling in cost and schedule estimating is an everyday occurrence in some organizations. The best antidote against such meddling says the author is the establishment of objective clearly defined procedures for project selection . which should be set up so that no one no matter how powerful can unilaterally impose their will on the selection process. The issues raised in this lesson point to the ever present need for project managers to build an appropriate degree of slack into their estimates. This is not to say that you are being dishonest or disloyal to your organization but rather acknowledging the ruthless rules of project management reality you hardly ever get the funds you need and even then stuff happens The 30-Second Recap Because of irrational exuberance too often the monetary resources allocated to a project perhaps even before you stepped aboard have been underestimated. In most organizations no matter how much you ask for you can count on not getting it all. Perhaps the most effective approach to budgeting combines the top-down and bottom-up techniques. Build an appropriate degree of slack into your estimates Lesson 7. Gantt Charts In this lesson you learn what a Gantt chart is why it is so useful in project management variations you can devise and how to use Gantt charts to keep your project on schedule. Chart Your Progress Henry L. Gantt for whom the Gantt chart is named was employed at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds part of what is now the . Department of Defense then called the War Department in Aberdeen Maryland as an ordinance engineer during the First World War. Although nearly a century has passed the Gantt chart remains widely .
