Các đường màu đen đậm ở phía dưới hiển thị coreholes lệch khoan thông qua các dấu vết hoạt động của đứt gãy San Andreas. Những hình ảnh cốt lõi cho thấy một lớn màu đen ngoằn ngoèo clast cắt giảm tĩnh mạch canxit nhúng trong lỗi foliated dao vụm. | Perpectives on Integrated Solid Earth Sciences 27 Fig. 18 Schematic section of San Andreas fault zone observatory at depth with different phases of drilling. Background color shows electric resistivity measured along a profile perpendicular to the faults strike. The bold black lines at the bottom show sidetrack coreholes drilled through the active trace of the San Andreas Fault. The core photo shows a large black serpentine clast cut by calcite veins embedded in foliated fault gouge courtesy ICDP see also http ing of the environmental consequences of such dramatic events. ICDP drilled the 200-km-wide Chicxu-lub Crater in Mexico Hecht et al. 2004 Dressler et al. 2003 and the 60 km Chesapeake Bay Crater in the Eastern . The latter underwent a complex microbiological evolution initiated by an impact-related thermal sterilization and subsequent post-impact repopulation Gohn et al. 2008 . For such large craters fluidization of target rocks leads to the formation of a central uplift whereas the peak of the small 10 km Bosumtwi Crater in Ghana Ferriere et al. 2008 was formed by brittle deformation processes. With smart cost-effective drilling paleo-climate and paleo-environmental evolution is being studied on continuous lake sediments from Lakes Titicaca Malawi Bosumtwi Qinghai and Peten Itza. The latter for example provided new insights into the changes of precipitation patterns due to variations of the Intertropical Convergence Zone over Central America Hodell et al. 2008 . Sediments in the African tropical Lakes Malawi and Bosumtwi shed new light on a megadrought at about 100 K years before present with implications for migration of early humans out of Africa Scholz et al. 2007 . Several other ICDP-funded projects provided novel awareness about active processes and geological resources Harms et al. 2007 while ongoing and future exploration can be monitored on the programs web resource http . the dome. The detected dacitic dyke
