truy cập vào dịch vụ một cách thông thường (làm anh / giao dịch bình thường), điều này có thể được chấp nhận dù sao. Do đó, một sự kết hợp của công nhận loa với các thành phần khác của một mô hình người sử dụng mong muốn trong nhiều trường hợp. Ngôn ngữ Hiểu | 26 access the service in a usual way doing his her usual transactions this might be accepted nonetheless. Thus a combination of speaker recognition with other constituents of a user model is desirable in most cases. Language Understanding On the basis of the word string produced by the speech recognizer a language understanding module tries to extract the semantic information and to produce a representation of the meaning that can be used by the dialogue management module. This process usually consists of a syntactic analysis to determine the constituent structure of the recognized word list a semantic analysis to determine the meanings of the constituents and a contextual analysis. The syntactical and semantical analysis is performed with the help of a grammar and involves a parser i .e. a program that diagrams sentences of the language used supplying a correct grammatical analysis identifying its constituents labelling them identifying the part of speech of every word in the sentence and usually offering additional information such as semantic classes or functional classes of each word or constituent Black 1997 . The output of the parser is then used for instantiating the slots of a semantic frame which can be used by the dialogue manager. A subsequent contextual understanding consists in interpreting the utterance in the context of the current dialogue state taking into account common sense and task domain knowledge. For example if no month is specified in the user utterance indicating a date then the current month is taken as the default. Expressions like in the morning have to be interpreted as well . to mean between 6 and 12 o clock . Conversational speech however often escapes a complete syntactic and semantic analysis. Fortunately the pragmatic context restricts the semantic content of the user utterances. As a consequence in simple cases utterances can be understood without a deep semantic analysis . using keyword-spotting techniques. Other .
