Có rất ít sự an tâm bởi vì các cá nhân nghĩ rằng mình cần có một cơ hội thứ hai, một cơ hội để có được quyền cuộc sống. Mặc dù cá nhân có kiểm soát rất ít so với giai đoạn đầu của cuộc sống, với tuổi vị thành niên và tuổi trưởng thành có ý thức tự giác. Có một sự tăng trưởng trong khả năng để phản ánh và suy nghĩ. | 192 PSYCHOLOGY Objectives After completing this chapter you will be able to define personality describe several type-trait theories explain key aspects of Freud s theory of personality explain key aspects of neo-Freudian theories of personality specify how operant conditioning and observational learning affect the shaping of the personality understand the role that consciousness plays in the self-shaping of the personality describe three important personality tests. How Does Your Personality Affect Your Behavior Your personality plays a role in almost everything that you do. If you are familiar with someone s personality you can often predict how he or she will be likely to act in a particular situation. If for example you think of Alex as studious then you will automatically predict that he will prepare conscientiously for his upcoming final examination in a college course. A workable definition of personality is that it is the constellation of traits unique to the individual. Your personality is like a psychological fingerprint. Only you have your particular personality. The word trait as used above refers to your relatively stable behavioral dispositions. However your personality is somewhat more than your traits. Your personality also consists of the ego the conscious I at the center of the personality. Also your personality contains the self the personality as viewed from within as you yourself experience it. These points will be elaborated in later sections. Although physical appearance can be a basis for interpersonal attraction it is also true that one person will often want to get to know another person because of that person s personality. Like another s face or figure we often find another s personality appealing or unappealing. Relationships including marriages often stand or fall on the basis of the way in which two people react to each other s personalities. These are some of the reasons why psychologists believe that the study of personality is .
