một vấn đề bình đẳng nếu không lớn hơn tầm quan trọng, đặc biệt là khi sự an toàn của cuộc sống con người đang bị đe dọa. Một nghiên cứu khác liên quan đến pin NiCd cho các ứng dụng quốc phòng được thực hiện bởi quân đội Hà Lan. Điều này liên quan | Batteries are a perishable product and start deteriorating rightfrom the time they leave the manufacturing plant US Army on the other hand uses NiMH batteries. They are evaluating the Li-ion polymer for the next generation battery. Because of the high failure rate of fleet batteries and the uncertain situations such failures create some organizations assign a person to maintain batteries. This person checks all batteries on a scheduled basis exercises them for optimum service life and replaces those that fall below an accepted capacity level and do not recover with maintenance programs. Batteries perform an important function giving them the care they deserve is appropriate. Storage Batteries are a perishable product and start deteriorating right from the time they leave the manufacturing plant. For this reason it is not advisable to stock up on batteries for future use. This is especially true with lithium-based batteries. The buyer should also be aware of the manufacturing date. Avoid acquiring old stock. Keep batteries in a cool and dry storage area. Refrigerators are recommended but freezers must be avoided because most battery chemistries are not suited for storage in sub-freezing temperatures. When refrigerated the battery should be placed in a plastic bag to protect it against condensation. The NiCd battery can be stored unattended for five years and longer. For best results a NiCd should be fully charged then discharged to zero volts. If this procedure is impractical a discharge to 1V cell is acceptable. A fully charged NiCd that is allowed to self-discharge during storage is subject to crystalline formation memory . Most batteries are shipped with a state-of-charge SoC of 40 percent. After six months storage or longer a nickel-based battery needs to be primed before use. A slow charge followed by one or several discharge charge cycles will do. Depending on the duration of storage and temperature the battery may require two or more cycles to regain full .
