Tích hợp ứng dụng doanh nghiệp bao gồm các kế hoạch, phương pháp và phần mềm để tích hợp các hệ thống ứng dụng độc lập và không đồng nhất, nếu cần thiết bao gồm cả các hệ thống ứng dụng bên ngoài, theo chu trình kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp. | 26 Stefano BURIGAT Luca CHITTARO Fig. . Effect of relaxing the overlap constraint on icons 20 more icons have been placed on the map on the right where a certain degree of overlap is tolerated with respect to the map on the left where all overlaps have been removed . for label placement it might be considered too strict for icon placement. For example looking at Fig. it is possible to identify clusters of icons that severely overlap as well as icons that barely touch each other. In this latter case it could be better to avoid aggregating the considered icons. In general it would thus be useful to relax the overlap constraint aggregating icons in such a way that a certain degree of overlap between icons is tolerated. There are two possible ways of managing the relaxation of the overlap constraint. The simplest approach which is the one we implemented consists in building a custom version of the conflict graph where an arc between two nodes is added only when the degree of overlap between the corresponding icons exceeds a fixed threshold. Standard algorithms such as those presented in the previous sections could then be applied to perform the aggregation. A more flexible approach is based on associating a cost value with each arc in the conflict graph corresponding to the amount of overlap between icons and then modifying the aggregation algorithm so that this value is taken into consideration when processing icons. Fig. shows how relaxing the overlap constraint leads to an increase in the number of icons that can be placed on a map when compared to the standard non-overlap approach. Increasing map legibility The algorithms presented in section aim at maximizing the number of icons without conflicts displayed on a map while keeping processing time short. By removing icons from the visualization these algorithms also have the effect of enhancing the legibility of the map . the portion of map that is not hidden by icons especially 2 .
