Muối: một hợp chất hóa học thường là của một kim loại và một chất không phải kim loại. | Desalination of Coastal Karst Springs by Hydro-geologic Hydro-technical and Adaptable Methods 59 color flowed out that clearly differed from the blue sea. We observed a typical circle of ground water flowing out of an estavelle at a distance about 0 5 km. Prof. Stander from Germany who proposed the isolation of springs answered in a letter that a major development was achieved by the isolation of the springs area with the dam thereupon the salinity decreased to 200-300 mg l CI. A second phase of the development was completed with a rise of the pool level to 3 m ASL at a discharge of 12 m3 s and the inflow of sea water stopped Stander 1971 . A photo shows a present outflow of ground water outside the Kiveri dam Lambrakis 2005 . The average springs discharge is 6 m3 s. During the irrigation periods 1955-1990 the ground water quality worsened due to the over pumping and the sea water intrusion Monopolis et al. 1997 Tiniakos et al. 2005 . A short analysis of the available data indicates that the isolation of the Kiveri springs against sea water inflow is not completed. A dam founded on much karstified breccia without a consolidation of the limestone mass and without a grout curtain is not a completed structure. Prof. Stander estimated the depth of the karstification at 90 m BSL. We suppose this depth to be either 30 m deeper of the sea bottom at the estavelle observed in 1969 or 30 m deeper than a 120 m BSL deep sea level in the Pleistocene if the Argos bay is deep enough Breznik 1998 Tiniakos et al. 2005 . Fig. 19. Underground water connections of the Peloponnesus found by tracing experiments Gospodaric Leibungut 1986 . 60 Desalination Trends and Technologies We propose to prevent the sea water inflow by a grout curtain. The exploratory works should be done in phases - First phase boreholes drilled at a distance of 4 m along the crest of the dam and grouted to a depth of 65 m BSL then consolidation grouting of the karstified breccia below the dam from 10 m to 35 m .
