Major coastal management and planning techniques - Một loạt các kỹ thuật thường được sử dụng trong quản lý và lập kế hoạch ven biển. Chúng có thể được sử dụng riêng rẽ để giải quyết các vấn đề cụ thể, kết hợp để giải quyết các vấn đề phức tạp hơn, hoặc được sử dụng như là một phần của một kế hoạch quản lý ven biển. Con số này là rất lớn, và có hiệu quả bao gồm tất cả các kỹ thuật sẵn có cho việc quản lý của môi trường tự nhiên, các trung tâm. | Chapter 4 Major coastal management and planning techniques A wide range of techniques is commonly used in coastal management and planning. They can be used individually to address specific problems combined to address more complex issues or used as part of a coastal management plan. The number is enormous and effectively covers all the techniques available for the management of the natural environment urban centres and systems of government. In order to narrow down the range of choice we have selected the coastal planning and management techniques which are the most common and or important to assist in the sustainable development of coastal areas. They include those used today such as policy and Environmental Impact Assessment and those emerging techniques which are being used in some coastal nations and whose application we believe will expand in the future. These techniques include the application of customary traditional and indigenous management practices and visual analysis techniques. Though we have chosen to focus on the most important techniques the number is still relatively large meaning that the description of each will be necessarily broad. Nevertheless each section describing a technique is structured to allow an introduction to the main factors important in its application to coastal planning and management and is illustrated through the use of case studies. Sources of further reference are given throughout to enable additional detail on each technique to be readily obtained. The major techniques are grouped into administrative social and technical. This grouping is undertaken to highlight the similarity between some techniques while showing the differences between others. This grouping is useful if at times somewhat artificial in that there are techniques which contain elements of more than one group. For example Environmental Impact Assessment is a government process a technical procedure and also involves social components. As in previous chapters
