Một số ghi chú ứng dụng có sẵn để giúp rút ngắn thời gian thiết kế càng nhiều càng tốt. Tuy nhiên, có một số hướng dẫn cần phải được theo sau để kết thúc với một giải pháp tối ưu. Trong tài liệu này, chúng tôi cung cấp cho một cái nhìn ngắn gọn vào các vấn đề phổ biến mà có thể xảy ra. | How can we Understand our Water Resources Designing an Experiment The information in this chapter is a short summary of some topics that are covered in depth in the book Students and Research written by Cothron Giese and Rezba. See the end of this chapter for full information on obtaining this book. The book is an invaluable resource for any middle or high school science teacher. The Different Parts of an Experiment There are different types of practical activities that can be carried out either by working scientists or by science students. Only some of these would strictly be considered experiments. When younger students begin learning how to carry out simple experiments the experiment is often referred to as a fair test. The experiment can be a test of the effect of different actions carried out by the experimenter or a test comparing differing conditions as some action is carried out. For example students might test the effect of different watering schedules on plant growth. Or students might try removing a stain using different stain removers to find out which one is most efficient. Other activities would not be considered experiments. For example carrying out an exercise to measure the density of a piece of metal. Or carrying out a survey of different types of plants and animals found along a stretch of beach. Every experiment has specific parts that can be identified by students. These different parts can all be checked off during the design phase of an experiment. If all the parts of the experiment have been accounted for and considered carefully before the experiment is started it is more likely to be a successful and beneficial experience for the student. An experiment starts and finishes with the factors that change during the experiment. These are the variables. The experimenter will purposely change one of the variables this is the independent variable or manipulated variable. The second variable changes in response to the purposeful change this is the
