đó là cần thiết để thay thế các chấn lưu điện hiện có với các chấn lưu điện tử, hoạt động ở tần số cao hơn và chuyển đổi năng lượng ánh sáng hiệu quả hơn. Tiết kiệm năng lượng chấn lưu điện từ có thể cắt giảm tiêu thụ năng lượng ánh sáng huỳnh quang là 10%. Cuộc sống của những chấn lưu là xấp xỉ hai lần thông thường của họ | root zone rather than a sprinkler system which will lose a much greater portion of the water to evaporation. Possibly a subsurface irrigation system could also prove beneficial. Consideration should also be given to reusing water from other applications such as laundries vehicle and aircraft wash facilities cooling towers or industrial processes. Utilizing reclaimed water from the local sewage treatment plant should also be investigated. Many localities have recently modernized their plumbing codes to allow such reuse and some water districts require it. Refer to EPA Manual Guidelines for Water Reuse for detailed information. . Industrial Water Use . Cooling Boiler Water One often-overlooked area with substantial potential for water conservation is boiler and cooling tower use. Water is lost from recirculating cooling towers in two ways 1 evaporation which provides the cooling and 2 blowdown which removes scalecausing constituents from the recirculating water. Blowdown provides the opportunity to conserve water. As water evaporates scale-causing impurities are left behind and concentrated in the recirculating water. When the impurities are concentrated beyond their saturation point they settle out of the water as scale. Blowdown is used to remove the impurities before they settle out. By chemically treating the recirculating water these impurities can be concentrated beyond their normal saturation point without settling out. Thus cycles of concentration can be increased and blowdown reduced. Cycles of concentration refers to the number of times a given constituent is concentrated in the tower. In some applications injection of ozone for biocidal treatment will make further blowdown reductions possible. A similar situation exists for boilers. The calculations however can be somewhat simpler since there is no evaporation to consider. Cycles of concentration can be easily calculated from the conductivities of the blowdown and the feedwater. . .
