Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học General Psychiatry cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Multiple functions for CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 during different phases of T cell responses: implications for arthritis and autoimmune diseases. | Available online http content 6 2 45 Review Multiple functions for CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 during different phases of T cell responses implications for arthritis and autoimmune diseases Monika C Brunner-Weinzierl1 2 Holger Hoff1 2 and Gerd-R Burmester2 Molecular Immunology Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin Germany 2Charité Universitatsmedizin Berlin Germany Corresponding author Monika C Brunner-Weinzierl e-mail Received 15 Dec 2003 Revisions requested 27 Jan 2004 Revisions received 11 Feb 2004 Accepted 12 Feb 2004 Published 3 Mar 2004 Arthritis Res Ther 2004 6 45-54 DOI ar1158 2004 BioMed Central Ltd Print ISSN 1478-6354 Online ISSN 1478-6362 Abstract Chronic T cell responses as they occur in rheumatoid arthritis are complex and are likely to involve many mechanisms. There is a growing body of evidence that in concert with the T cell antigen receptor signal CD28 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 CTLA-4 CD152 are the primary regulators of T cell responses. Whereas CD28 primarily activates T cell processes CTLA-4 inhibits them. The mechanism for this dichotomy is not fully understood especially as CD28 and CTLA-4 recruit similar signalling molecules. In addition recent studies demonstrate that CD28 and CTLA-4 have multiple functions during T cell responses. In particular CTLA-4 exerts independent distinct effects during different phases of T cell responses that could be exploited for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Keywords CD152 cost CTLA-4Ig inflammation polymorphism signal transduction Introduction A broad repertoire of mature effector T cells with specific diverse functional capabilities is generated in adaptive immune responses. The differentiation and regulation of these diverse effector cells have to be tightly regulated and controlled to avoid unwanted immune responses. The T cell antigen receptor TCR alone provides insufficient signals for optimal T cell stimulation.
