During the early years of microprocessor technology, there were few engineers with education and experience in the application of microprocessor that microprocessors and microcontrollers have become pervasive in many types of equipment, it has become almost a requirement that many technical people have the ability to use them. Today the microprocessor and the microcontroller have become two of the most powerful tools available to the scientist and engineer. Microprocessors have been embedded in so many products that it is easy to overlook the fact that they greatly outnumber personal computers | Embedded Controller Hardware Design Designing Reliable Microcontroller Hardware for Real World Embedded Applications Ken Arnold Copyright 1999 by Ken Arnold All rights reserved Copyright 1999 Ken Arnold All Rights reserved This work may not be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of the author. Arnold Ken Embedded Controller Design Ken Arnold 1. Embedded Computers Controllers. 2. 8051 Microcontroller. 3. Digital Control Systems. 4. Automatic Control. I. Title. ISBN tba 1999 THIRD PRINTING Embedded Computer Design Arnold Ken Copyright 1994-1999 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing by the publisher. Published by HiTech Publications 9672-101 Via Excelencia San Diego CA 92126 USA Phone 619 566-1892 Fax 619 530-1458 info@ http it Contents PREFACE IX ACKNOWLEDGMENT XI DEDICATION XII 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Objectives 1 Embedded Microcomputer Applications 2 Microcomputer and Microcontroller Architectures 3 Digital Hardware Concepts 5 REVIEW OF BASIC ELECTRONICS 5 Circuit Analogies - Diode 8 Transistor Analogy 8 The FET Field Effect Transistor as a Logic Switch 11 NMOS Logic 12 CMOS logic 13 Mixed MOS 15 Tri-state Logic 18 Timing Diagrams 19 Multiplexed Bus 20 Loading and Noise Margin Analysis 21 The Design and Development Process 21 Chapter 1 Problems 22 2 OVERVIEW 23 Hierarchical Computer Organization 23 Organization von Neumann vs. Harvard 23 Microprocessor Microcontroller Basics 24 Microcontroller CPU Memory I O 25 Design Methodology simple design example 26 The 8051 Family Microcontroller Processor Architecture 27 Introduction to the 8051 Architecture 28 8051 Memory Organization 30 8051 CPU Hardware 32 Reset Circuitry 38 Oscillator and Timing Circuitry 40 The 8051 Microcontroller Instruction Set Summary 42 Arithmetic 42 Logical 42 Data Transfer 42 Bit Boolean Variable Manipulation 42 Program Branching and Control 43 Direct and Register .
