Tham khảo tài liệu 'question answer negative 6', ngoại ngữ, anh ngữ phổ thông phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 15 Direct and indirect speech Indirect statements with tense changes Common indirect speech forms LEG study We tend to use past tenses in indirect speech because we are reporting past events so we use the past tense of reporting verbs he said that . he told me that . How we report is a matter of common sense and we can mix tenses if we want to. We can say Jim says he s read Tony s book and didn t understand it. then when he read it Jim said he d read Tony s book and doesn t understand it. now etc. But what commonly happens is that present attracts present and past attracts past so we would probably say Jim said he d read Tony s book and didn t understand it. We move the reported clauses one tense back . A useful general rule is present becomes past and past becomes past perfect . Write Report these statements with said except 13 moving the clauses one tense back . DIRECT SPEECH STATEMENTS INDIRECT SPEECH STATEMENTS present becomes past 1 MAC I need a holiday. 2 SUE I m not wasting my time. . present perfect becomes past perfect 3 TOM I ve had some good news. . 4 PAM I ve been sleeping. . past becomes past or past perfect past perfect is often optional 5 LOU I went home early. . 6 JAN I was waiting for you. . past perfect does not change 7 JOE I had eaten earlier. . 8 PAT I had been waiting for you. . modal present becomes conditional or past 9 TIM I will see you later. . 10 DOT I can speak French. . 11 KIM I may arrive later. . shall with a future reference becomes would 12 RON I shall speak to him. . shall in offers and suggestions becomes should 13 MEG Shall I speak to him Meg asked whether. past or conditional modals do not change 14 TED I could help you. . 15 ANN I might see him. . 16 JIM I would enjoy that. . perfect modal forms do not change 17 SAM I must have fainted. . 18 DON I couldn t have said that. . 19 NED I needn t have gone there. . 20 LYN I ought to have helped her. . should it s advisable doesn t change 21 LEE I should
