Tham khảo tài liệu 'climate change as environmental and economic hazard part 3', khoa học tự nhiên, địa lý phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 180 Collier et al. place to avoid moral hazards. In the case of CCA and DRR insurance one such mechanism as suggested previously is to make risk reduction a prerequisite for access to insurance. For resilience and vulnerability approaches other mechanisms might include community empowerment capacity building and awareness building. After perturbations to a system some communities have been forced to change their livelihood strategies which are usually connected to an increase in risk. This was evident after the 1994 eruption of Mt Merapi in Central Java Indonesia. A number of factors including demographics politics and the global economy contributed to the village of Turgo shifting from a system wherein livestock supported subsistence agriculture to a system where agriculture supported market-oriented livestock husbandry Dove and Hudayana 2008 . While this usually would increase risk because households become more dependent on external factors in the case of the village of Turgo risk was mitigated because market participation was limited to the sale of commodities and not the purchase of the inputs used in their production. As Dove and Hudayana 2008 p. 742 note To continue reliance on local resources for agricultural production viz. land labor livestock vegetation represents a significant buffer against market uncertainty and volatility . By keeping one foot in traditional local subsistence living and one in global markets the community created a dual economy that was able to mitigate risks associated with changing livelihoods after the eruption of Mt Merapi and subsequent government interventions. Thus this duel economy increased the resilience of the socio-ecological system. Yet on a larger scale there is the lack of a link to policy-relevant work with the inherent complexity of resilience and vulnerability. While there are relatively straightforward processes of doing risk planning this is not the case for resilience planning. Therefore we propose a nested .
