Phần lớn các quốc gia dựa vào cảnh sát pháp lý để thi hành luật pháp. Cảnh sát pháp lý nói chung phải được đào tạo chuyên nghiệp về các kiến thức, kỹ năng thực thi luật pháp trước khi được cho phép có các hành vi nhân danh pháp luật, chẳng hạn như đưa ra các cảnh báo và trát đòi hầu tòa, thực thi việc tìm kiếm hay ra các lệnh khác cũng như thực hiện việc tạm giam, tạm giữ. | regulation and the viewer 57 Successful lobbying by the advertising and broadcasting industries on this point may have repercussions for editorial integrity ofprogrammes which may in turn have adverse consequences for the viewing experience see chapter 9 . Regulation and the viewing experience Many of the traditional justifications for broadcast regulation focus on the role of broadcasting in creating an informed citizenry. These justifications underpinned both positive and negative regulation. Good information was to be protected and provided bad information prohibited. Implicit in this approach is a perception held by policymakers and as a consequence regulators of the role of the viewer in choosing what to watch see table 1 chapter 1 . The underlying assumption was that the viewer simply receives any information that is provided. Therefore in order to serve the interests of the citizen the content must necessarily be of a different type from that which serves consumer interests see chapter 2 . With technological change and increased commercialisation viewers appear to have more choice of viewing material with the result that it also appears as if the viewing experience itself has changed. Certainly this is the view of industry participants and some regulators. Commercial broadcasters are more and more likely to see viewers as consumers rather than as citizens and regulatory interests have to some extent followed this trend. For example some obligations within the Communications Act 2003 in the UK are explicitly addressed to consumers. There are very few references by contrast to the requirements of citizens. In fact the viewing experience is changing in ways which may have an impact on viewers ability either to be active citizens or to become more discerning consumers. Viewers are often now seen to be less passive or at least are given the opportunity to be more active. The idea of the empowered viewer however overlooks a prior concern in that it makes certain .
