Đừng nhầm lẫn Luật Nhân quyền quốc tế với Luật Nhân đạo quốc tế cho dù chúng có quan hệ mật thiết với nhau. Chúng tương tự nhau ở một số điểm ví dụ như chống lại việc tra tấn. Tuy giống nhau nhưng chúng có khung pháp lý hoàn toàn riêng biệt thực hiện trong các ngữ cảnh khác nhau và được điều chỉnh trong nhiều hoàn cảnh khác nhau. | The political and moral legacy of international society in relation to the moral purpose of advancing world order values. The ethics of constructing others Anthony Pagden cogently argues that the need to make some sense of the beliefs and the ethical lives of others sometimes resulted in an attempt to construct others better suited to the observers own particular ethical life .1 Others are as we have seen before counter images constructed in ways that define us by what we are The construction of this image involves imagination and may not accord with reality. Nevertheless the other that is constructed is assumed to exist and to be representative of a culture. Once the other - this or that real savage or barbarian - has been set up as a counter image and given a cultural identity his or her moral existence becomes a matter of real concern . This leads Pagden to assert that t he discoveries by modern Europe of a huge range of other worlds of which America was merely the first if also the most striking has made this the most deeply troubling the most unsettling of modern cultural and ethical dilemmas .3 The construction of people which often fails to understand them in their own terms complicates cross-cultural understanding. In European encounters with non-Europeans it meant that conquest and annihilation was the only way in which cultures could deal with the differences between them .4 There has thus always been a lot riding on the way others are constructed. My concern here is with the nature of the ethical dilemma that is part of and results from constructing others. The essence of the dilemma is that we cannot avoid constructing others but in so doing we may do them a variety of harms. What is more these harms are not confined to the past but are ones that continue to result from the practices of contemporary international politics. This has been brilliantly demonstrated by Greg Fry in a searching critique of Australian images of the South Pacific. Fry is .
