Các bộ luật hình sự trên thế giới thể hiện hàng trăm quan điểm, lý luận khác nhau. Trong khuôn khổ giới hạn này rất khó thống kê hoàn chỉnh và đầy đủ mà không bị thiếu sót. Tuy vậy, những yếu tố và khía cạnh sau đây xuất hiện phổ biến trong các luật hình sự: hành vi cấm, sự cố ý, đối tượng bị thiệt hại, yếu tố đồng lõa, các yếu tố bào chữa, và mối liên hệ giữa các yếu tố nói trên | The drafting of the Rome Statute 153 transposed unchanged from earlier treaties this is done without reference to whether the states parties to the Rome Statute are also parties to those treaties for example to the Genocide Convention or the 1977 Protocols and without reference to any reservations or understandings that may have been maintained by particular states. The substantive criminal law The effect of these extensive definitional provisions is taken even further in the Elements of Crimes adopted in For the most part these follow precisely the language of the Statute itself or elaborate on it in reasonable and predictable ways. But it is impossible to elaborate on statutory texts without taking positions on their meaning. On particular points it seems that the Elements of Crimes are more restrictive than equivalent interpretations given to parallel provisions of the ICTY and ICTR Statutes by the ad hoc tribunals. What matters for present purposes however is the detail and depth with which the Statute autonomously defines the three crimes which fall immediately within its jurisdiction. Moreover experience suggests that these definitions will be applied internally as well as internationally. In 39 UN Doc. PCNICC 2000 1 . 154 JAMES CRAWFORD order to take full advantage of the principle of complementarity it will be logical for states implementing the Rome Statute to transpose these new definitions of crimes into their own legal systems. Indeed this has already been done for example in the United Kingdom and Australian implementing Thus the international criminal justice system of the Rome Statute will tend to surpass existing treaty provisions defining the same crimes at both the international and the national level. The outcome the ICC under the Rome Statute As a result of these drafting developments the International Criminal Court under the Rome Statute is a distinct and to a considerable extent an autonomous criminal justice .
